Chapter III Analysis Ons Student's Ability In Writing Descriptive Text at fifth Semester Student's
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and
Time of The Research
The research was conducted at IAIN Padangsidimpuan at jl.HT. Rizal
Nurdin Km. 4.5 Sihitang, Padangsidimpuan, kota Padangsidimpuan, Sumatra Utara.
This research starts from April 2021 until finish.
B. Research
Design
This research used
quantitative descriptive research. Isaac and Michael in Muri’s book stated that
quantitative descriptive research refer to describe systematically the facts
and characteristics of a given population or area of interest.[1] In this case, the researcher tried to
describe the student’s ability. It used to describe how to analyze on students
ability in writing descriptive text at fifth semester students of English
Department IAIN Padangsidimpuan.
C. Population
and Sample
1. Population
The population of this research are all of the fifth semester students of English
department IAIN Padangsidimpuan. They are 102 students. It consist of three classes.
|
No |
Class |
Students |
|
1. |
TBI-1 |
27 |
|
2. |
TBI-2 |
39 |
|
3. |
TBI-3 |
36 |
|
|
TOTAL |
102 |
2. Sample
In getting the sample, the researcher use purposive sampling
technique. Researcher used this technique because the researcher to make easy
in do research and get relevant data. The Sample of this research was class TBI-3. There are 36
students of TBI-2. Researcher choosen this class because their writing score
was in same categories. Their writing score was medium categorize.
D. Instrument
of Collecting Data
Instrument is the tool that researcher use in collecting the data.
There are some instrument require that use on this
research by following bellows:
1.
Test
In order to get the accurate data on students’ ability in writing
descriptive text, the researcher will give writing test to students. Test is one of the activities to get the
information about the ability of students and their problem in certain of
subject. The form of these instruments can be used to evaluate the ability of
students in elementary school students, doubtless by considering such basic
aspects as skill in knowledge, attitude and skill as well as having completed
one or all the material that has been given.[2]
This research uses test to focus on specific ability that get
accurate data from their own paper. The researcher will give a test to know the
students’ ability in writing descriptive text. The researcher will ask the
student to write a story consist of least 85 until 120 words around three
paragraph, at least 4 until 7 sentences each paragraph. The participant will
freely to choose their own topic and develop it by using descriptive form. The
component of test can be seen at appendix 2.
Table II
Indicator of writing test
|
Component |
Score |
Criteria |
Total |
|
Content |
20 |
Very good to excellent |
20 |
|
15 |
Average to good |
||
|
10 |
Poor to pair |
||
|
5 |
Very poor |
||
|
Organization |
20 |
Very good to excellent |
20 |
|
15 |
Average to good |
||
|
10 |
Poor to pair |
||
|
5 |
Very poor |
||
|
Grammatical function |
20 |
Very good to excellent |
20 |
|
15 |
Average to good |
||
|
10 |
Poor to pair |
||
|
5 |
Very poor |
||
|
Generic
structure |
20 |
Very good to excellent |
20 |
|
15 |
Average to good |
||
|
10 |
Poor to pair |
||
|
5 |
Very poor |
||
|
Mechanics |
20 |
Very good to excellent |
20 |
|
15 |
Average to good |
||
|
10 |
Poor to pair |
||
|
5 |
Very poor |
The criteria of scoring were as determined by ranges of
the scores as following:
Table III
Criteria of test scoring
|
Aspect |
Score |
Performance Description |
|
Content (C) Topic idea |
20 |
The topic is complete
and clear and the ideas are relating to the topic |
|
15 |
The topic is
complete and clear but the ideas are almost relating to the topic |
|
|
10 |
The topic is
complete and clear but the ideas are not relating to the topic |
|
|
5 |
The topic are
not relating to the topic and ideas are not relating to the topic |
|
|
Organization (O) Introduction Sequence Idea Descriptions |
20 |
Introduction
is complete, has correct sequence idea, and description is clear |
|
15 |
Introduction
is almost complete, has almost correct sequence
idea, and description is almost
clear |
|
|
10 |
Introduction
is complete, but has no sequence idea and description is not clear |
|
|
5 |
Introduction
is not complete, has no sequence idea,
and description is not clear |
|
|
Grammar (G) |
20 |
Very few
grammatical or agreement Inaccuracies |
|
15 |
Few
grammatical or agreement inaccuracies but not affected on meaning |
|
|
10 |
Numerous
grammatical or agreement Inaccuracies |
|
|
5 |
Frequent
grammatical or agreement Inaccuracies |
|
|
Generic Structure |
20 |
Relevant to generic
structure of descriptive text, good in identify thing, describe with sequence
form and very related to the topic, and using present tense. |
|
15 |
Relevant to
generic structure but using uncoordinated descriptions |
|
|
10 |
Misusing
generic structure and less in
uncoordinated descriptions |
|
|
5 |
Very poor in
using generic structure and in
uncoordinated descriptions |
|
|
Mechanics (M) Spelling
capitalization Punctuation |
20 |
It uses
correct spelling, punctuation, and capitalization |
|
15 |
It has
occasional errors of spelling, punctuation, and capitalization |
|
|
10 |
It has
frequent errors of spelling, punctuation and capitalization |
|
|
5 |
It is dominate
by errors of spelling, punctuation, and capitalization |
This test was use
content validity. Anastasi in Muri’s book stated that validity of a test
concern what do test measure and how well it does so.[3]
Construct validity is kind of the validity base on people perceptions like
accuracy, intelligence, creativity, and so forth.
a.
Documentation
Documentation for this research is students writing documents were
analyze while the researcher do pre-research and research. Next, Researcher
take picture while the process of interview using camera. Researcher will take
some of picture from beginning until the interview finish. This documentation
will help the researcher in collecting the data.
E. Technique
of Collecting Data
In this research collect the
data by technique as follows:
a.
The
researcher gives an introduction about outline the descriptive text.
b.
The
researcher prefers the test.
c.
The
researcher gives the test to students.
d.
The
researcher gives the introduction about how to do the test clearly.
e.
The
researcher collects student’s answer sheet to be analyze.
F. Technique
of Data Analysis
Data analysis is the
process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from respondents,
interviewers, field notes, and documenting, by organizing the data into
categories, shaping into units, synthesizing, grouping into patterns, choosing
what is important and what to learn, and shaping conclusions so easily
understood by yourself and others.
The data
analysis of this researcher used was percentage. To percentage the students’
score in data from the test, which have been given to students
and to know how many percent the students which
are have writing require in answering the
test. Determining the percentage the students ability, and for difficulties
researcher used the following procedure.
a.
Scoring
the result of the students answer
b.
Calculate
their result (mark)
Because
the researcher uses the test so, the researcher also wants to:
a.
Know
the range of the data, the formulation is
Range: High Score –
Low Score
b.
Know
the total of classes (BK), with the formula:
1
+ 3,3 n
c.
Know
the interval (i) used the formula:
I=
d.
Know
the mean score used the formula:
e.
Know the median
score used the formula:
Me = b + p [
Where:
Me: Median
b : The lowest class
p : Number of class
f : frequency
F : Number of frequency
f.
Know the modus of
score used the formula:
Modus = b + p (
g.
Determining and analysis the students‟ ability
by using the passing grade standard (KKM) at IAIN Padangsidimpuan.
After the
researcher get the data, it has been presented in frequency table as following:
Table
IV
Level of
Achievement
|
Score |
Level of Achievement |
Category
of Ability |
|
75-100 |
High Level |
Competent |
|
65-74 |
Medium Level |
Competent |
|
<64 |
Low Level |
Competent |
Therefore,
Students who get score between 75 – 100 were categorized into high achievers,
then when the range of score between 65 – 74, were categorized into medium
achievers, and below 64, were categorized into low achievers.
h.
Determining
the percentage the students ability by using the following formula:[4]
Explanation:
F= Frequence
N= Number of
classes
P= percentage.
After the researcher got the data, it would enter in test
hypothesis with the formula as following:
i.
Uji Z
Z=
Explanation:
X: Data that includes hypothesis categories
N: all of data
P: hypothesis proportion.[5]
[1] A. Muri Yusuf, Metode
Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Pnelitian Gabungan., First (Jakarta:
Prenadamedia Group, 2014), 62.
[2]
Siyoto, Sandu, Skm., M.Kes And M. Ali Sodik, Dasar Metodologi Penelitian, Ed. Ayup, First Edit, Vol. 148
(Yogyakarta: Literasi Media Publishing, 2015), 79,
File:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Dasar Metodologi Penelitian.Pdf.
[3]
A. Muri Yusuf, Metode Penelitian
Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Pnelitian Gabungan., 234.
[4]Nurhidayah, “An Analysisonthe Students’ Abilityin Writing Narrative Textat Grade IX MTs Ali Imron Medan” Accessed June 30
2019.repository.uinsu.ac.id.
[5]Ahmad Nizar
Rangkuti, Statistik Penelitian
Pendidikan, (Medan: Perdana Mulya Sarana, 2014), p.80
