IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGHVIDEO AT GRADE VIII OF SMP NEGERI 5 PADANGSIDIMPUAN

 

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.  Background of the Problem

In Indonesia, English is one a subject which is very important in the school,  Because English is an international language that is used by million people all over the world to communicate with another people who came from the other nation or country. English has concluded as the lesson in curriculum. Education Curriculum of Indonesian for Senior High School mentions the purpose of learning English for students is to provide them the creativity of using English language as a tool of communication even if it is for speaking or writing.

Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning thought in verbal and symbol of varieties in context. As a result, speaking is crucial part of second language teaching and learning. Many people feel that speaking is difficult. First, speaking happens in real time. Second, speaking cannot be edited and revised. We will be possible to do mistakes in pronunciation or grammar. The following illustration will present some of significances of speaking.

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The first, it can transfer idea, thinking, and opinion. Many ideas can be transferred to other people. This is the way to transfer idea; by asking information or asking opinion. The second, it can take and give the information and knowledge. Much information and knowledge can be received. It gives and takes the information and knowledge to other people and they will receive the new information. The last, can activate of brain directly. Definitely, in speaking activity does not have much time for thinking.It is directly without preparation. It can be improved. Then, it must be practiced and make it happen every day whenever and wherever.

Based on the illustration above, it has showed that speaking is necessary for everybody in daily activity especially English students. However, speaking is problematic at grade VIII-4 of SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan in aspect of ability and mentalist. The fact is revealed in the following illustration. It has found from the English teacher and the students.  The teacher has said that students’ speaking ability is low. The proof was from the students’ rapport result. They got the result average 50-65 while the KKM at SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan is 75 for all English skills.[1] The students come from different ethnic group. Some of them are Bataknese, and Javanese. The accent is different each other. The phenomenon in the field, the Bataknese is difficult to speak English smooth. It relates to the pronunciation. Actually, not only Bataknese has the problem in accent but also Javanese.[2] The students’ fluency and the accuracy are bad. Many students feel tremble, tight, and worry.

In addition, there are some students’ problems in speaking ability. They are about accent, fluency, accuracy, comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and lack of self-confidence.  She said that not many students are brave to speak out in front of the class from the hundreds of them. More than just four until five who has self-confidence to speak out. It has found the reasons. The first, they are afraid to do mistake. The second, they have high anxiety. Then, they do not practice it. The last, they have lack of self-confidence. [3]The researcher has got self-confidence as the main problem to be solved in speaking ability.

Moreover, the English teacher of SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan seldom to makes group discussion in teaching learning process. It has found the reason is the students will make noisy in the classroom. They often do reading and doing the exercises. It makes students get bored. One of ways to make effective teaching speaking is making the students active by using good and interesting method in teaching learning process so they enjoy and improve their speaking ability.

Accordingly, the problems above need to be solved in order to avoid flaws in students as product of education. Schools have to create the good output students. It means that, they are easy in doing communication. The school and the teachers will be exemplary if the teachers are able to make it happen. Douglas said, “There are nine the Communicative Fluency Activities for Language Teaching. They are interview, guessing games, jigsaw tasks, ranking exercises, discussions, value clarification, problem solving activities, role play and simulation technique.

From the alternative techniques above, the researcher chose to employ Video to improve students’ speaking ability. It is an effective media in teaching speaking. At least five reasons are available as background of the choice. First, it is interesting. The second, the students are active in classroom. The third, there is a good interaction between students and teacher. Then, can be created positive respond. The last, the students will be critical thinking because they know what ought to do and not ought to do.

The researcher was interested in conducting a Classroom Action Research, which purpose to improve students’ self-confidence in speaking ability. Therefore, from explanation above the researcher conducted the title of the research improving students’ speaking ability through video at grade VIII of smpnegeri 5 padangsidimpuan.

B.  Identification of the Problem

There are some problems found by the researcher during the observation. The problems found are related to the students, teachers’ teaching method, and media used in the English class. The problems are as follow.

The first problems are related to the students. During his observation, the researcher found that some of the students did not pay attention to the teacher’s explanation. The students from the back row made noises when the lesson in progress. They talked to each other while their teacher was explaining the lesson to them. The researcher also saw that some of the students just looking outside the class and there were students who just drew pictures or did homework from another subject. Then, from his observation, the researcher saw that a number of students had low self- confidence when they were asked to speak in front of the class. They did not know what to say and how to express their ideas in English. This happened because they lacked the knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

The second problem is the problem was concerned with the technique that the teacher used in delivering materials. She did not use many interesting teaching techniques. She used a student worksheet (Lembar Kerja Siswa in Indonesian, abbreviated as LKS) as her primary guidance and a textbook published by the government as her supplement textbook.

The last problem is related to the teaching media. Most of the teaching media found in the school are visual media. There are fewer audio or audiovisual media. The teacher also seldom used media in the teaching and learning process. She just explained the lesson using the textbook and it was clearly seen that her students felt bored during the lesson. This also affected the effectiveness of her teaching especially when the materials needed actual objects as the examples.

C.  Limitation of the Problem

Here, the researcher limits the problem of the research like “Improving Students’ Speaking Ability ThroughVideo at Grade VIII of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan”

In this research, the researcher limited the speaking skill in Asking and giving information. The material for Asking and giving informationhere is about Asking and giving informationities. The researcher choose Asking and giving informationas the topic of the conversation, because the Asking and giving informationwas in the Junior High School curriculum for speaking by using video. So, the researcher supposed to find out how the video could improve the students’ speaking ability at eighth grade of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan.

D.  Formulation of the Problem

Based on the limitation above, the problem of the research can be formulated as : ”How the video can improve students’ speaking ability at VIII grade of SMP of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan?”.

E.  Aim of the Research

The aim of the research is to know how can the video improve the students’ speaking ability at VIII grade of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan.

F.   Significances of the Research

The significances of the research are to the large purposes depending on the context of education. The significances of the research are:

1.      Headmaster of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan, to develop and encourage the English teachers to teach English well.

2.      English teachers of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan, especially for the eighth grade; to add their references in teaching speaking.

3.      Students of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan, especially for the eighth grade of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan; to give an alternative way to improve their speaking ability, especially in daily conveAsking and giving information.

4.      Researchers, to add their information about the same research.

G.      Definition  of the Terminologies

1.      Speaking skill

Speaking is a productive skill in the organs of speech to express meaning which can be directly and empirically observed. Productive skill is meant the ability of person to actively produce the language by coordinating the organs of speech such us the lips, tongue, teeth, vocal chords, larynx, pharynx, etc. Express meaning means that the purpose of producing language in verbal communication is to deliver ideas so that the speaker can convey meaning to the listener.[4]

The ability is something can be scored as the result. It means the researcher needs to take the score or value from the students as the information for the students’ speaking ability.

So, speaking ability is a productive skill to express the meaning or own ideas by using the organs of the speech. It is a skill which can be scored.

2.      Video

Video is the display of recorded pictures on a television-type screen. Any media that employs a cathode-ray screen to present a picture can be referred to as video.[5] So, it is one of a visual-media for teaching speaking which is appropriate for the students, especially for Junior High School.

H.      The Hypothesis of Action

Based on definition and the literature, the researcher stated the hypothesis as “The video can improve students’ speaking ability”

I.       The Indicator of Action

Action research is a field research which conducted by researchers to gather information and improve the ways how they teach and how well their students learn. Mills stated the definition of the action research in Creswell’s book as:

Action research designs are systematic procedures done by teachers (or other individuals in an educational setting) to gather information about, and subsequently improve, the ways their particular educational setting operates, their teaching, and their student learning.[6]

 

So, the researcher is the key todesign the procedures of the research from the beginning until the end of the research. This step also called the preparation step.

There will be 2 cycles in this research. It is consisted Planning, Action, Observation, and Reflection for each cycle. The researcher will create a teaching program related to the problem; lesson plan about the use of video to improve students’ speaking ability until the end of the action. The researcher will analyze how the video improve the students’ speaking ability; the students’ ability in taking information from the video, the students’ ability to conduct the conversation based on the material from the video. Thus, the researcher believe that the video can improve the students’ speaking ability.

In this research, the researcher will collaborate with the teacher who work in SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan. The teacher is going to be a the researcher’s partner to work together as a team to solve the students’ problem in improving students’ speaking ability.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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[1]Marlina, English Teacher of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan, Personal Interview,( SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan 21^st February 2019 ) at 11:00 am.

[2]Marlina, English Teacher of SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan, Personal Interview, (SMP N 5 Padangsidimpuan28^th  February 2019)  at 09:00 am.

[3]RiskaMulyani at Grade X the second Semester of SMP Negeri 5Padangsidimpuan, (SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan, 10^th March). At 10.00 am

[4]L. Cameron, Teaching Languages to Young Learners, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 40

[5]Timothy J. Newby, Instructional Technology for Teaching and Learning, (New York : University of Virginia, 2000), p. 102

 

[6]John W. Creswell, Educational Research(Planing, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research)4^th Edition, (New York: Pearson, 2012), p. 576