THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE AT ELEVENTH GRADE SMA
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A.
Place and Time of the Research
This research had done at SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan. It is
located on Jl. Perkebunan Pijorkoling. This subject of research is eleventh
grade of students at SMA 8 Negeri Padangsidimpuan academic years 2017/2018.
This research started from November 03th, 2016 until Oktober 30th,
2017. The researcher collected the data from Oktober 12th,
2017 until Oktober 16th 2017.
B.
The Method of Research
The research used Quantitative research. According to Ranjit Kumar “in quantitative research you are guided
by predetermined sample size that is based upon a number of other
considerations in addition to resources available.[1]
The method used in this research is
descriptive method. According to Winarto Surakhman in his book Pengantar
Penelitian Ilmiah Dasar Metode Dan Tekhnik Stated: (Descriptive method is a
survey that determines and allocate it with interview technical, observation,
or test technical studying time of problem and indication comparative analysis
or operational).[2] This
method is used to describe the student’s mastery in simple past tense at
eleventh grade SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan.
Based
on the explanation above, this research examined about the students’ mastery in
simple past tense at eleventh grade SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan. The
researcher concluded quantitative descriptive methods. So, the researcher used
a field research.
C.
Population
and Sample
1.
Population
According to Suharsimi Arikunto, “Population is all the subject of
research”. According to Ott and Longneeker “a population is the set of all
measurements of interest to the sample collector”.[3] The
populations the research consist of 4 classes with 110 students. It can be seen
in the table below:
Table. I
The
total of students at eleventh grade SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan in
2016-2017
academic years
|
No. |
Class
|
Total
|
|
1. |
XI IPA-1 |
30 |
|
2. |
XI
IPA-2 |
26 |
|
3. |
XI
IPS-1 |
29 |
|
4. |
XI
IPS-2 |
25 |
|
|
Total
of students |
110 |
2. Sample
The sample of
this research is the students at grade XI in SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan.
Sample is a part of population which will be researched. As stated by L.R. Gay
& Peter Airasian that “sample comprises the individuals, items, or events
selected from a large group referred to as a population”.[4] To
get the sample of this research the researcher guided of the opinion of
Suharsimi Arikunto, who said that when the subject less than 100, taken better
all together and if it’s amount more amount is taken by 10%-15% or 20%-25% or
more appropriate with the researcher ability.[5]
To get the
sample, the researcher applies random sampling technique by choosing of the
students based on lottery method. From the population 110 students at eleventh
grade, the researcher just takes 28 students from the whole of students. The
procedures are: listing all of students by numbers and writing the all numbers
in some pieces of papers. Then taking the numbers one by one till getting the
amount of sample it is say lottery.
So, It is
describes in the following below:
Table II
Sample of the Research at Eleventh grade in SMA
Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan.
|
NO. |
Classes |
Total |
|
1 |
XI-IPA 1 |
7 |
|
2 |
XI-IPA 2 |
7 |
|
3 |
XI-IPS 1 |
7 |
|
4 |
XI-IPS 2 |
7 |
|
Total of the students |
28 |
|
Based on the
table above, it could be seen that every class, in this research the sample
would be take from all class randomly.
D.
The
Technique of Collecting Data
Suharsimi Arikunto said: pengumpulan data adalah alat bantu yang di
pilih dan digunakan oleh peneliti dalam kegiatannya mengumpulkan data agar
kegiatan tersebut menjadi sistematis dan dipermudah. (collecting data is a tool
that chosen and used by researcher in activity of collecting data so activity
become systematic and be easier).[6]
To get an accurate data from the students, the researcher collects
data by doing those activities:
1. Test
The
research uses the test to make some questions about simple past tense in order
to get the information about the mastery of students in learning simple past
tense. In this test,
researcher write indicator of test simple past tense such as: active, passive,
and nominal. The researcher gives question to the students in essay test
form. All of the questions are about simple past tense. The test is consisting
of 25 items; the researcher gives 4 for every good value, so the high score is
100, and researcher gives times to answer the items is 50 minutes in one item 2
minutes. (see appendix I). The indicators of the test
can see on the table below:
Table III
Indicators of
the Test
|
Indicators |
Indicators |
No Items |
Item |
Scores |
|
Active Passive Nominal |
(+) (-) (?) (+) (-) (?) (+) (-) (?) |
2,4,7, 15,
24,25 21,22,23, 6,12 1,10, 3,5,8 16,
13, 11, 17,18,19 9,14,20 |
3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 |
12 12 12 8 8 12 12 12 12 |
|
Total |
|
|
25 |
100 |
The steps to
collect data are as follow:
1.
The
researcher gives suggestion to the students that the answer of the question
carefully.
2.
Next,
giving the test to the students and it is completed by limits time in doing the
test.
3.
After
the students finish the test, the researcher collects the students’ answer and
then analyzes it with following particular steps.
E.
Test
Validity
According to Suharsimi Arikunto, Validity is a measurement that
shows valid level an instrument.[7]
The researcher is used content validity to establish the validity of the
instrument that is test. The researcher took content validity as the instrument
because content validity refers to the extent to which instrument represents
the content of interest.
In applying the research, the researcher has validated essay test.
The test means to measure the items of the test comprehensively. The essay test
is suitable to test students’ mastery in simple past tense. It can make
students easier in simple past tense. This process of analysis is showed the
content validity of the test. In other words, the researcher concluded that the
essay test has been valid. The validation was done by checked the test to the
expert person. Elva juliyanti, S. Pd is the English teacher of grade XI SMA
Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan. She said that the test has been available for the
students. The test has been signed by the English teacher of SMA Negeri 8
Padangsidimpuan.
F.
Techniques
of Analysis Data
After collecting their
answer, the researcher analyzed the result of the test with mean score. The
average scores of students are interprets in descriptive data with the formula
as follow:
1. To know the range of the data, the formulation
is:
Range =
high score - low score
2. To know the total of classes (BK), with the
formula:
1+ 3.3
log n
3. To know the interval (i) used formula:
I = 
4. To know the mean score used the formula:
M = 
5. To know the median score used the formula:
Me =
Bb + ( 
)
6.
To know the modus score used the formula:
Mo = 
7. In getting the percentage the researcher were
calculated using the pattern:
X = 
x 100
Explanation:
X : The mean of the students
:
Total of the score
N : The students’ size
8. Z
-Test
Explanation:
x: data that includes hypothesis categories
n: all of data
p: hypothesis proportion[8]
After
calculating and scoring students’ answer sheet. Then their score are
calculating into the criteria score interpretation on the table below:
Table IV
The Classification quality of the students’ score[9]
|
NO. |
Interval |
Predicate |
|
1 |
0% |
Very low |
|
2 |
21 |
Low |
|
3 |
41% |
Enough |
|
4 |
61% |
High |
|
5 |
81% |
Very high |
After the researcher found mean scores of all students, it is
consulate the criteria as follows:
a.
If
the value of mean score is 81-100, it can be categorized into very high.
b.
If
the value of mean score is 80-61, it can be categorized into high.
c.
If
the value of mean score is 41-60, it can be categorized into enough.
d.
If
the value of mean score is 21-40, it can be categorized into low.
e.
If
the value of mean score is 0-20, it can be categorized into very low.
[1]
Ranjit Kumar,Research Methodology (London: sage, 2011) p.192
[2] Winarno Surakhma, Pengantar Penelitian
Ilmiah Dasar Metode dan Tekhnik (Bandung: Kasito, 1982), p. 2
[3] Ott, Lyman R. and Michael T. Longneeker, An Introduction to
Statistical and Data Analysis,(Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage
Learning,2010).p.5
[4] L.R. Gay and Peter Airasian, Op.Cit.p.121
[5] Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur penelition suatu pendekatan praktik
(Jakarta:Pt Rineka Cipta,
2006 ).p. 130
[6] Ibid, p.134
[7]
Suharsimi Arikunto, op. cit., p. 168
[8]Ahmad Nizar Rangkuti, Statistik Penelitian Pendidikan (Medan:
Perdana Mulya Sarana, 2014), p. 80.
[9] Riduan. Belajar mudah penelitioan untuk Guru-karyawan dan
peneliti pemula.(Bandung :Alfabeta,2005),p.89
