THE
EFFECT OF CRITICAL READING STRATEGIES ON READING REPORT TEXT AT GRADE XI SMA
NEGERI 1 SIABU
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Problem
English is one of international languages in the world. It is
studied by students from elementary school up to universities level. By speaking English everyone will be able
communicate to international community in globalization era, also make good
relation with another country, and remember that good communication will make a
good relation. Everyone must communicate well by using English in this era. English that is used to communicate in many aspects such as in
politics, economy, education, technology, science, and culture.
In the Senior High School Curriculum, English is one of the subject
that should be studied, there are four skills must be mastered by the students,
namely; listening, speaking, reading and writing. Reading is one of the four
language skill that is used to grasp the ideas that presented to get the
information, reading is important to be learned and mastered by human. Reading
is a way to get information from something that was written, reading is an
interaction between readers and the text, reading holds important matter in
teaching English.
The basic competence that should be achieved in the reading subject
is the students must give respond the meaning and rhetorical stages of essay
using a variety of write language accurately, fluently and acceptable in the
context of daily life and to use science in text form; report, narrative,
analytical exposition.
Reading report text is activity to get factual information or
specific information, to find the purpose of reading text, to find implicit
information, to identify topic, supporting idea, make reference, to find
synonym or antonym, the meaning of word, phrase or sentence.
The important of reading report text, Firstly, reading
report text help students’ education to reinforce grammar, vocabulary, and
functional language. Makes themselves understood, to get information from
document, information classify and describe the phenomena of our world.
Information reports are reading about living things like plants and animals,
societies, land masses, mathematical operation, historical ears weather
patterns and non-living things like phones, bikes or oceans. Secondly, the
students are leaded to share information based on the text. It can be said that
the students are rarely guided to work in group to share information about the
natural or social phenomena with their friends.
Teaching reading is an activity done by the teacher in guiding
students to comprehension reading text. In this activity the teacher will apply
some role in teaching reading such as to give material, text, guiding the
students to identify topic, the students to grasp the information in the text,
analyzing main ideas, and understanding vocabulary. This activity generally has
purpose to make the students getting the meaning of all information in reading
text, the activity will be considered achieving the aim if the students figure
out all information dealing with the element of reading report text. The are
some ways to increase students report text, the Mrs. Yusri Annur Lubis as
English teacher of SMAN 1 Siabu had made effort to increase students report
text, through giving task to students, to translate a text, answer reading
question, discussion, and memorize at least ten words in a week. So, from the
teacher effort, students are hoped to able comprehending of report text well.
Nevertheless the facts indicated that many students in class still
did not reach the target of Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) it was 75 score.
However, the data found at grade XI SMAN 1 Siabu revals the average of students
reading comprehension is 65-70. In brief, students’ reading comprehension
especially reading report text does not fulfill the expectation. Based on the
researcher interviewed with English teacher at SMAN 1 Siabu that many students
are difficult to get comprehension since they were done have any chance to
share information while reading activity.[1]
There are some factors in students reading report text, such as;
media, materials, motivation, students interested, intelligent and strategy. It
is very influence to students reading report text but students cannot
comprehend the text such as report text, because students only did reading
activity to complete the task from the teacher did not to grasp the information
of the text. The students are passive in the class, it caused the strategy of
teaching is not suitable. That strategy is a factor of reading.
Strategy is the tool for active, self directed involvement that is
necessary for developing communicative ability. Strategy is not single event,
but rather a creative sequence of events that learners actively use. Then,
strategy is a method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as
achievement of a goal or solution to a problem.
There are a lot of strategies in teaching reading like skimming,
scanning, silent reading, loud reading, SQ3R (Survey, Read, Recite, And
Review), P2R (Preview, Read, Review) Reading Faster, Extensive Reading,
Reciprocal Teaching Strategy, and Critical Reading Strategies. The researcher
will apply Critical Reading Strategies.
Critical Reading Strategies is that readers must think about and
react what they read and get a writers’ full meaning, readers should go beyond
what the authors say and able to consider what they intend, in other side, they
need to evaluate or react critically to what the authors say.[2]
Critical Reading is a vital part of the writing process. In fact, reading and
writing processes are like. Some have expanded the meaning of “text” to include
anything that can be read.[3] The
text here concluded to the genre of the text and one of kind of the text is
report text. It might help students to comprehend the text well.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher interest in
conducting experimental research of which purpose to solve student’s problem
with title “The Effect of Critical Reading Strategies on Reading Repot Text
at Grade XI SMAN 1 Siabu”.
B.
The
Identification of the Problem
Reading report text is a text that to get information in report text,
such as; to get factual information or specific information, general
classification and description. Reading report text is one of aspect ability
for students for master English in report text.
There are some factors that give effect on reading report text.
such as; media, materials, motivation, students interested, intelligent and
strategy. Strategy is a plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as
achievement of a goal or solution to a problem. It means that strategy is one
of the factors that affect reading report text. The strategy means here is
critical reading strategy.
C.
The
Limitation of the Problem
There are many strategies in teaching
reading report text, such us;
skimming, scanning, silent reading, loud reading, SQ3R (Survey, Read, Recite,
And Review), P2R (Preview, Read, Review) Reading Faster, Extensive Reading,
Reciprocal Teaching Strategy, and Critical Reading Strategies.
Here the researcher does not discuss all strategies. The
researchers just choose one strategy that is critical reading strategies. The
researcher has reason why researcher used critical reading strategies because
this strategy is good and easy to understanding the report text that their read
and make a learning become fun.
D.
The
Formulation of the Problem
The formulations of the problem in this research were:
1.
How
was the students’ reading report text ability without using Critical Reading Strategies
at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu?
2.
How
was the students’ reading report text ability after using Critical Reading
Strategies at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu?
3.
Was
there an significant effect using Critical Reading Strategies on reading report
text at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu?
E.
The
Purpose of the Research
From
above formulation of the problem, the purposes of this research were:
1.
To
describe the students’ reading report text ability without using Critical
Reading Strategies at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu.
2.
To
describe the students’ reading report text ability after using Critical Reading
Strategies at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu.
3.
To
examine whether there is or there is not an significant effect of using
Critical Reading Strategies on Reading Report text at grade XI SMA N 1 Siabu.
F.
The
Significances of the Research
The
research expert to be significances as follows:
1.
For
the headmaster of SMAN 1 Siabu to give the direction to the English teacher
about the critical reading strategies to learn reading report text.
2.
For
the English teachers as an input in teaching reading skill, especially teaching
reading report text.
3.
For
this research is hopes to help the other researchers who will conduct further
research in the same topic.
G.
The
Systematic of the Thesis
The systematic of this research divide into five chapters, and each
chapter consist of many sub chapter with detail as follows:
In chapter one, consist of background of the problem,
identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, formulation of the
problem, research objectives, research significances, definition of operational
variable.
In chapter two, consist of theoretical description, which consist
sub chapter such as theoretical review consist of definition critical reading
strategies, genre based language teaching and reading comprehension. Then
review of related finding, and conceptual framework, hypothesis.
In chapter three, consist of place and time of the research,
research design, population and sample, definition of operational variable,
instruments of data collecting, procedure of research, testing of instrument,
data collecting, and data analysis.
In chapter four, consist of the result of the research which
consist of description of the data, the testing of hypothesis, the result of
research. The last is chapter five, consist of conclusion and suggestion.
[1]Yusri
Annur Lubis, Private interview to the English Teacher of SMAN 1 Siabu. (
Siabu: SMAN 1, September 02th , 2016 on 10 pm).
[2]
Kathleen T. McWhorter, Efficient and
Flexible Reading (Harper Collins Publisher, 1992), p. 377.
[3]
Colorado State University, In Article of Writing@CSU Writing Guide Critical
Reading, Http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=31.
Accessed on 20th January 2017at 11.05 a.m. p.1
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